PHP functions

PHP functions are similar to other programming languages. 

• A function is a piece of code which takes one more input in the form of parameter and 

does some processing and returns a value. 

• There are two parts which should be clear to you: 

o Creating a PHP Function 

o Calling a PHP Function 

• In fact you hardly need to create your own PHP function because there are already 

more than 1000 of built-in library functions created for different area and you just 

need to call them according to your requirement. 

Creating PHP Function: 

• It is very easy to create your own PHP function. 

• Suppose you want to create a PHP function which will simply write a simple message 

on your browser when you will call it. 

• Following example creates a function called writeMessage() and then calls it just after 

creating it. 

• Note that while creating a function its name should start with keyword function and all 

the PHP code should be put inside { and } braces as shown in the following example 

below: 

<html> 

<head> 

<title>Writing PHP Function</title> 

</head> 

<body> 

<?php 

/* Defining a PHP Function */ 

function writeMessage() 

 echo "You are really a nice person, Have a nice time!"; 

/* Calling a PHP Function */ 

writeMessage(); 

?> 

</body> 

</html>

• This will display following result: 

You are really a nice person, Have a nice time! 

PHP Functions with Parameters: 

• PHP gives you option to pass your parameters inside a function. You can pass as 

many as parameters your like. 

• These parameters work like variables inside your function. 

• Following example takes two integer parameters and add them together and then 

print them. 

<html> 

<head> 

<title>Writing PHP Function with Parameters</title>

</head> 

<body> 

<?php 

function addFunction($num1, $num2) 

 $sum = $num1 + $num2; 

 echo "Sum of the two numbers is : $sum"; 

$x=10; 

$y=20; 

addFunction($x,$y); 

?> 

</body> 

</html> 

• This will display following result: 

Sum of the two numbers is : 30


Passing Arguments by Reference: 

• It is possible to pass arguments to functions by reference. 

• This means that a reference to the variable is manipulated by the function rather than 

a copy of the variable's value. 

• Any changes made to an argument in these cases will change the value of the 

original variable. 

• You can pass an argument by reference by adding an ampersand to the variable 

name in either the function call or the function definition. 

• Following example depicts both the cases. 

<html> 

<head> 

<title>Passing Argument by Reference</title> 

</head> 

<body> 

<?php 

function addFive($num) 

 $num += 5; 

function addSix(&$num) 

 $num += 6; 

$orignum = 10; 

addFive( &$orignum ); 

echo "Original Value is $orignum<br />"; 

addSix( $orignum ); 

echo "Original Value is $orignum<br />"; 

?> 

</body> 

</html> 

• This will display following result: 

Original Value is 15 
Original Value is 21 

PHP Functions returning value: 

• A function can return a value using the return statement in conjunction with a value or 
object. 
• return stops the execution of the function and sends the value back to the calling 
code. 
• You can return more than one value from a function using return array (1,2,3,4). 
• Following example takes two integer parameters and add them together and then 
returns their sum to the calling program. 
• Note that return keyword is used to return a value from a function. 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Writing PHP Function which returns value</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<?php 
function addFunction($num1, $num2) 
 $sum = $num1 + $num2; 
 return $sum; 
$return_value = addFunction(10, 20); 
echo "Returned value from the function : $return_value 
?> 
</body> 
</html> 
• This will display following result: 
Returned value from the function : 30

Setting Default Values for Function Parameters: 
• You can set a parameter to have a default value if the function's caller doesn't pass it. 
• Following function prints NULL in case use does not pass any value to this function. 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Writing PHP Function which returns value</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<?php 
function printMe($param = NULL) 
 print $param; 
printMe("This is test"); 
printMe(); 
?> 
</body> 
</html>
• This will produce following result: 
This is test

Dynamic Function Calls:

 
• It is possible to assign function names as strings to variables and then treat these 
variables exactly as you would the function name itself. Following example depicts 
this behavior. 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Dynamic Function Calls</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<?php 
function sayHello() 
 echo "Hello<br />"; 
$function_holder = "sayHello"; 
$function_holder(); 
?> 
</body> 
</html>
• This will produce following result: 
Hello





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