Operators in C Program

 An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators

1. Arithmetic Operators :
An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulo(%) etc on numerical values (constants and variables).

Example : int a=10,b=20,c;
c = a + b ; // c = 30
c = a - b ; // c = -10
c = a * b ; // c = 200
c = a / b ; // c = 0
c = a % b ; // c = 10
NOTE : / operator gives quotient
% operator gives reminder


2. Relational Operators :
Relational operators are used for comparison of the values of two operands. For example: checking if one operand is equal to the other operand or not, an operand is greater than the other operand or not etc. Some of the relational operators are (==, >= , <= ).

Example : a > b
NOTE : ==(double equal) operator is used to compare two operands


3. Logical Operators :
C provides three logical operators when we test more than one condition to make decisions. These are: && (meaning logical AND), || (meaning logical OR) and ! (meaning logical NOT).


• && :- And operator. It performs logical conjunction of two expressions. (if both expressions evaluate to True, result is True. If either expression evaluates to False, the result is False)
• || :- Or operator. It performs a logical disjunction on two expressions. (if either or both expressions evaluate to True, the result is True)
• ! :- Not operator. It performs logical negation on an expression.



4. Increment and Decrement Operators :
Increment and Decrement Operators are useful operators generally used to minimize the calculation, i.e. ++x and x++ means x=x+1 or -x and x−−means x=x-1. But there is a slight difference between ++ or −− written before or after the operand.

Applying the pre-increment first add one to the operand and then the result is assigned to the variable on the left whereas post-increment first assigns the value to the variable on the left and then increment the operand.

Example :
int a=10,b;
b = ++a; // value of b = 11
b = a++; // value of b = 10


5. Bitwise Operators :
Bitwise operators perform manipulations of data at bit level. These operators also perform shifting of bits from right to left. Bitwise operators are not applied to float or double


• & :- Bitwise AND
• | :- Bitwise OR
• ^ :- Bitwise exclusive OR
• << :- left shift
• >> :- right shift

Example :
Assume A = 60 and B = 13 in binary format, they will be as follows −
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100

A|B = 0011 1101

A^B = 0011 0001

~A = 1100 0011